Frog Body Parts and Functions

Frog Body Parts and Functions

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Anatomy of a Frog’s Head

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Functions of the body parts that make up the frog’s head • External nares or nostrils – Anterior openings for the entry or exit of air. • Esophagus – Tube that connects the mouth and the stomach in a frog. • Tympanic Membrane – The eardrum – receives sound waves • Glottis – The opening from the mouth into the respiratory system

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Functions of the body parts that make up the frog’s head • Tongue – Muscular structure attached to the front of the mouth which is extended to catch insects (its food). • Maxillary Teeth – Sharp teeth in the maxil a of a frogs mouth that function in holding captured prey. • Vomerine Teeth – Smal projections in the top of a frog’s mouth that function in holding and captured prey. • Eustachian tube openings – Openings in the mouth that lead to tubes that connect to the middle ear to equalize air pressure

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External Anatomy of the Frog

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Functions of the External Anatomy of the Frog • Nictitating Membrane – A transparent part of a frog’s lower eyelid that moves over the eye to clean it and protect it. • Cloacal Opening – Opening of cloaca through which undigested food, urine, eggs, and sperm are passed.

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Internal Anatomy of a Frog

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Functions of the Internal Anatomy of a Frog: • Stomach – Stores food and mixes it with enzymes to begin digestion. • Smal Intestine – The principal organ of digestion and absorption of digested food. • Duodenum – The anterior (front) part of the smal intestine into which food passes from the stomach • Pancreas – Gland which secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. • Gal Bladder – Sac which stores bile.

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Functions of the Internal Anatomy of a Frog: • Large Intestine – Posterior organ of the digestive system which stores undigested food. • Liver – Secretes bile and processes digested food molecules • Urinary Bladder – The organ that col ects and stores urine until released. • Fat Bodies – Masses of fat in the body cavities of frogs. Needed for hibernating and mating • Spleen – Organ in the frog’s circulatory system that makes, stores, and destroys blood cel s. • Cloaca – Organ through which the products of the frogs digestive and urogenital system pass when discharged from the body.

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Anatomy of a Frog Heart

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Functions of the Frog Heart • Heart – Pumping organ of the circulatory system (has 3 chambers). • Anterior Vena Cava – Large vein that carries blood from the anterior part of the body toward the heart. • Posterior Vena Cava – Large vein that carries blood from the posterior part of the body towards the heart. • Sinus Venosus – Sac that receives blood from the vena cava

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Functions of the Frog Heart • Right Atrium – Chamber of the frogs heart which receives blood from the sinus venosus. • Left Atrium – The chamber of the heart that receives blood from the lungs. • Pulmonary Veins – The blood vessels that carry blood form the lungs to the left atrium. • Ventricle – Chamber of a frog’s heart that pumps blood out of the heart to the lungs and other parts of the body. • Truncus Arteriosis – Large artery in a frog that carries blood away from the ventricle into branches that lead to al parts of the body.

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Frog Brain

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Functions of the Frog Brain • Spinal Cord – Main pathway to and from the brain • Spinal Nerves – Nerves that lead to and from the spinal cord • Olfactory Lobe – Part of the frog’s brain associated with the sense of smel • Cerebrum – Part of the brain that is associated with memory, pain, and voluntary muscle control. • Optic Lobes – Part of the brain associated with vision.

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Functions of the Frog Brain • Cerebel um – Part of a brain that influences balance and equilibrium. • Medul a Oblongata – Part of a brain that is the center for some involuntary functions. • Cranial Nerves – Nerves that lead to and from the brain.

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Frog Reproductive System

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Frog Reproductive System Functions • Urinary Ducts – Tubes in a frog that carry urine from the kidneys to the cloaca • Urinary Bladder – The organ that col ects and stores urine until released. • Adrenal Glands – Organs located near the kidneys which secrete hormones. • Ova or Eggs – Female sex cel or gametes

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Frog Reproductive System Functions • Ovaries – Organs of the female reproductive system that produce the eggs. • Oviducts – Tubes of a female frog’s reproductive system that carry eggs from the ovaries to the cloaca. • Testes – Male sex organs that produce sex cel s (sperm). • Sperm – Male sex cel or gametes. • Seminal Vesicles – Enlarged distal sections of the male frog’s urinary ducts that col ect sperm prior to entry into the cloaca.

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