Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008

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Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Outline

Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Chapter 5 Configuring, Managing, and Troubleshooting Resource Access

Objectives • Set up security for folders and files• Configure shared folders and shared folder security• Instal and set up the Distributed File System• Configure disk quotas• Implement UNIX compatibility Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 2

Managing Folder and File Security • Creating accounts and groups are the initial steps for sharing resources – The next steps are to create access control lists (ACLs) to secure these objects and then to set them up for sharing • Discretionary ACL (DACL) – An ACL that is configured by a server administrator or owner of an object • System control ACL (SACL) – Contains information used to audit the access to an object Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 3

Configuring Folder and File Attributes • Attributes are stored as header information with each folder and file – Along with other characteristics including volume label, designation as a subfolder, date of creation, and time of creation • Two basic attributes remain in NTFS that are stil compatible with FAT – Read-only and hidden • The advanced attributes are archive, index, compress, and encrypt Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 4

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Configuring Folder and File Attributes (continued) • Archive attribute – Indicates that the folder or file needs to be backed up because it is new or changed – File server backup systems can be set to detect files with the archive attribute to ensure those files are backed up • Index attribute vs. Windows Search Service – The NTFS index attribute is used to index the folder and file contents so that file properties can be quickly searched in Windows Server 2008 • Through the Indexing Service Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 6

Configuring Folder and File Attributes (continued) • Index attribute vs. Windows Search Service (continued) – Windows Server 2008 offers a newer, faster search service cal ed the Windows Search Service – To use the Windows Search Service, you must instal the File Services role via Server Manager • Multimaster replication – Each DC is equal to every other DC in that it contains the ful range of information that composes Active Directory • Active Directory is built to make replication efficient Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 7

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Configuring Folder and File Attributes (continued) • Compress attribute – A folder and its contents can be stored on the disk in compressed format Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 10

Configuring Folder and File Attributes (continued) • Encrypt attribute – Protects folders and files so that only the user who encrypts the folder or file is able to read it – An encrypted folder or file uses the Microsoft Encrypting File System (EFS) • Which sets up a unique, private encryption key associated with the user account that encrypted the folder or file Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 11

Configuring Folder and File Attributes (continued) • Encrypt attribute (continued) – When you move an encrypted file to another folder on the same computer (in NTFS), that file remains encrypted, even if you rename it Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 12

Configuring Folder and File Permissions • Permissions – Control access to an object, such as a folder or file • When you configure a folder so that a domain local group has access to only read the contents of that folder – You are configuring permissions • At the same time, you are configuring that folder’s discretionary access control list (DACL) of security descriptors Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 13

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Configuring Folder and File Permissions (continued) • If you need to customize permissions – You have the option to set up special permissions for a particular group or user Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 15

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Configuring Folder and File Auditing • Auditing – Enables you to track activity on a folder or file Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 17

Configuring Shared Folders and Shared Folder Permissions • A folder can be set up as a shared folder for users to access over the network • Configuring a shared folder is changed in Windows Server 2008 from previous versions – To help make the person offering the shared folder more aware of security options • The first step for sharing a folder over the network is to turn on file sharing Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 18

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Configuring Shared Folders and Shared Folder Permissions (continued) • Share permissions for an object – Differ from the NTFS access permissions set through the Security tab • Share permissions: – Reader– Contributor– Co-owner– Owner Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 21

Configuring Shared Folders and Shared Folder Permissions (continued) • You can cache a folder to make the contents of a shared folder available offline – Any offline files that have been modified can be synchronized with the network versions of the files • A folder can be cached in three ways: – Only the files and programs that users specify wil be available offline – Al files and programs that users open from the share wil be automatical y available offline – Files or programs from the share wil not be available offline Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 22

Publishing a Shared Folder in Active Directory • To publish an object – Means to make it available for users to access when they view Active Directory contents • Makes it easier to find when a user searches for that object • When you publish an object, you can publish it to be shared for domain-wide access or to be shared and managed through an organizational unit (OU) Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 23

Implementing a Distributed File System • Distributed File System (DFS) – Enables you to simplify access to the shared folders on a network by setting up folders to appear as though they are accessed from only one place • If DFS is used in a domain, then shared folder contents can be replicated to one or more DCs or member servers Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 24

Implementing a Distributed File System (continued) • DFS advantages: – Shared folders can be set up so that they appear in one hierarchy of folders • Enabling users to save time when searching for information – NTFS access permissions ful y apply to DFS on NTFS- formatted volumes – Fault tolerance is an option by replicating shared folders on multiple servers – Access to shared folders can be distributed across many servers (load balancing) Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 25

Implementing a Distributed File System (continued) • DFS reduces the number of cal s to server administrators asking where to find a particular resource • Another advantage of DFS in a domain is that folders can be replicated automatical y or manual y through Microsoft File Replication Service Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 26

DFS Models • Stand-alone DFS model – No Active Directory implementation is available to help manage the shared folders – This model provides only a single or flat level share • Domain-based DFS model – Takes ful advantage of Active Directory and is available only to servers and workstations that are members of a domain – Enables a deep, root-based, hierarchical arrangement of shared folders that is published in Active Directory Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 27

DFS Topology • DFS topology – The hierarchical structure of DFS in the domain-based model • Namespace root – A main container (top-level folder) in Active Directory that holds links to shared folders that can be accessed from the root • Namespace server – The server that maintains the namespace root • After the namespace root is created, it is populated by shared folders for users to access Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 28

DFS Topology (continued) • Folders are established in a level hierarchy and appear to be in one server location – Although they can be on many servers • Replication group – A set of shared folders that is replicated or copied to one or more servers in a domain Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 29

Instal ing DFS • DFS is instal ed as a service within the File Services role • If the File Services role is already instal ed, but you don’t see the DFS Management tool on the Administrative Tools menu – This means you didn’t instal Distributed File System when you instal ed the File Services role Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 30

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Managing a Domain-Based Namespace Root System • Creating a folder in a namespace – A folder is simply a shared folder that you add to (or link to) the namespace root – Folder target • A path in the Universal Naming Convention (UNC) format – Universal Naming Convention (UNC) • A naming convention that designates network servers, computers, and shared resources e.g. MYPC ystem hared – Clients who access the namespace can see a list of folder targets ordered in a hierarchy Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 32

Managing a Domain-Based Namespace Root System (continued) • Tuning a Namespace – Tuning options: • Configure the order for referrals• Configure cache duration for a namespace• Configure cache duration for a folder• Configure namespace pol ing• Configure folder targets as enabled or disabled Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 33

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Managing a Domain-Based Namespace Root System (continued) • Deleting a namespace root – You can delete the namespace root via the DFS Management tool by clicking the namespace root and clicking Delete Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 35

Configuring Disk Quotas • Disk quotas advantages: – Preventing users from fil ing the disk capacity– Encouraging users to help manage disk space– Tracking disk capacity needs on a per-user basis for future planning – Providing server administrators with information about when users are nearing or have reached their quota limits • Disk quotas can be set on any local or shared volume Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 36

Using UNIX Interoperability in Windows Server 2008 • Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications (SUA) – Provides interoperability between Windows Server 2008 and UNIX and Linux systems • SUA al ows you to: – Run UNIX/Linux applications with few or no changes to the program source code – Run UNIX/Linux scripts– Use popular UNIX/Linux shel s– Run most UNIX/Linux commands– Run the popular vi UNIX/Linux editor Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 37

Using UNIX Interoperability in Windows Server 2008 (continued) • Server for Network Information Services – Network Information Services (NIS) provides a naming system for shared resources on a UNIX/Linux network – Through the NIS server, a user can access shared resources, such as a shared partition containing shared files – Server for NIS also ensures the synchronization of account passwords Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 38

Using UNIX Interoperability in Windows Server 2008 (continued) Hands-On Microsoft Windows Server 2008 39