RISK MANAGEMENT HOW TO CONDUCT RISK ASSESSMENTS Alison HuntSturman
Why are we here? • Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004 – An employer must, so far as is reasonably practicable, provide and maintain for employees of the employer a working environment that is safe and without risks to health. – An employee must cooperate with an employer in any action that is taken to comply with the Act. • To do this we use the principles of Risk Management!
What do we have to do? • Learn about the Risk Management Process: – Identify hazards in the workplace– Assess the level of Risk of harm – Control the Hazard and Reduce the level of risk– Review control measures and improve them • Remember, it is only 4 key steps!!!
Step 1: Identify Hazards: • Methods of Identification: – Workplace inspections – Incident Reports – Audits (internal and external) – Hazard Alerts • Process Methodology: – Look at the activities in the workplace – Look at the tasks that are in the activity – What hazards are in those tasks?
Categories of Hazards: CHEMICAL HAZARDOUS RADIOACTIVE BIOLOGICAL – toxic, corrosive, SUBSTANCES MATERIALS MATERIALS etc – carcinogens – ionizing – viruses PHYSICAL PLANT PERSONAL PSYCHOLOGIC – noise, heat, – entanglement, – slip, trip, fal – violence, light, vibration engulfment agression ENVIRONMENT ERGONOMIC NATURAL ANIMAL – water, air, – force, motion, – fire, flood, – attack ground repetition earthquake – disease SERVICE HEALTH EXTERNAL SHARPS – gas, water, – collapse, heart – war, riot, – needles, electricity attack demonstration scalpels, glass
Can you identify the hazard?
Step 2: Assessment of Risk: • We evaluate risk on the identified hazards: – How likely is it that the hazard we have identified wil cause harm to us or the environment? • How often are we exposed to the hazard?• Who is exposed?• How serious will the harm be?• Have previous incidents or near misses been recorded? • This helps us to determine the level of risk
Assessment Methods • Use terms that answer the fol owing:• What is the: – Likelihood of an incident or injury because of the hazard– Exposure of staff or students to the hazard– Consequences or severity of the injury • Remember the evaluation: – Must be foreseeable for the incident to occur– Must be reasonable for the event to occur • We use Definitions for each of the terms.
Risk Scoring: • Qualitative – Low– Medium– High– Very High • Quantitative – Probability based, ie 1:10000 chance– Numerical score that corresponds to a key
A Risky Maneuvre?
1. Two Variable Assessment Likelihood Insignificant Minor Moderate Major Catastrophic / Consequences Almost Certain M H H VH VH Likely M M H H VH Possible L M H H H Unlikely L L M M H Rare L L M M H
Determination of Risk Level • 1. Select a term for each aspect – Likelihood – Consequence • 2. Draw a horizontal line across from Likelihood • 3. Draw a vertical line down from Consequence • 4. Circle the score
Likely to Occur?
2. Three Variable Assessment Consequence Exposure Likelihood Catastrophe 100 Continuous 10 Almost Cert 10 Disaster 50 Frequent 6 Likely 6 Very serious 25 Occasional 3 Unusual 3 Serious 15 Infrequent 2 Remote 1 Important 5 Rare 1 Conceivable 0.5 Noticeable 1 Very Rare 0.5 Impossible 0.1
Determination of Risk Level • 1. Select a term for each aspect – Consequence – Exposure – Likelihood • 2. Multiply the terms together – Consequence X Exposure X Likelihood • 3. Compare the score to the Key: – Low Risk 0 – 90 – Medium Risk 91 – 299 – High Risk 300 – 599 – Very High Risk 600 +
Managing Risk?
Step 3: Control of Risk THE HIERARCHY OF CONTROL: • ELIMINATE (E) – Stop the process immediately • SUBSTITUTE (S) – Use another product – Outsource the process • ENGINEER (En) – Isolate the hazard (Is) – Install guarding around the hazard (G) • ADMINISTRATE (A) – Document safe work procedures (SWP) – Provide training (T) – Perform inspections (I) • PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) – The final frontier!!!
Oops?
Step 4: What to Review: • What is the level of residual risk?• Is this risk acceptable?• Have the control measures been accepted?• Is this a reliable control strategy?• Are there further long term actions to do?• Should the issue be escalated to your Supervisor?
Step 4: When to Review: • Schedule of review for all risk assessments: – On a 3 yearly basis if no changes– When task or operation changes– When equipment or environment changes– After an incident or injury
Issues to Consider • Ensure Health and Safety – ‘Eliminate risks so far as is reasonably practicable’ – If not possible; – ‘Reduce risks as far as is reasonably practicable’ • What is Reasonably Practicable in regard to? – The likelihood of the hazard eventuating – The degree of harm that would result – The state of knowledge about the hazard – Available ways to reduce the risk of the hazard – The cost of eliminating or reducing the hazard
What about Acceptable Risk? There is a level of risk in everything we do!!!• Is the benefit work the risk of the process?• Is the operator able to handle the task?• Is the activity accepted by the community? What if the Severity of the risk is unacceptable?• Process must stop until solution is determined
What The?
Putting it Together: • What you need on a Risk Register: – The activity name – The task description – The hazard identified (may be more than 1) – The risk calculation and score – The control measures – The residual risk – Date completed / date of review – Who has authorised the document
Putting it into Practice: • We will do 2 case studies• Use the 2 variable for the first one• Use the 3 variable for the second one• Look at: – Activity & Tasks– Identify Hazards– Assess the level of Risk– Control the risk where need be
Risk Control: Engineering
Risk Control Gone Wrong
Risk Control: Substitution
Sometimes you can’t win!
Case Study 1 (lab based) • A new employee with no work experience is employed to work full time. They are to handle tissue infected with a virus that is similar to HIV. The process involves homogenising the tissue. They are working on the bench. They are not wearing personal protective equipment – IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS – ASSESS THE LEVEL OF RISK – DETERMINE THE CONTROLS
Case Study 1 (non lab) • A new employee with no work experience is employed to work full time. They are employed to archive documents and move them to a storage facility. The archive boxes are very heavy and can weigh up to 20 kg when packed – IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS– ASSESS THE LEVEL OF RISK– DETERMINE THE CONTROLS
Case Study 2 (lab based) • Staff are using Formalin which has been classified as a hazardous substances (Worksafe). The Staff spend their days preserving tissue on the bench in open containers They do not wear personal protective equipment. – IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS– ASSESS THE LEVEL OF RISK– DETERMINE THE CONTROLS
Case Study 2 (non lab) • Staff are driving to homes to interview subjects and collect information on their general health status. The subjects have been referred to them by a GP. Some of the subjects may have a history of mental illness. – IDENTIFY THE HAZARDS– ASSESS THE LEVEL OF RISK– DETERMINE THE CONTROLS