The Canine Muscle Atlas Project

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The Canine Muscle Atlas Project Outline

The Canine Muscle Atlas Project Loading, Viewing, and Interacting with the Canine Muscle Atlas 3D model

Getting started • Download the MuscleAtlas3Dmodel.zip file. – Extract al files and note where they are saved • Download and instal the latest stable release of 3D Slicer from: http://slicer.org/pages/Special:SlicerDownloads – 3D Slicer is large and the download time will depend on the connectivity method – Open the 3D Slicer program

Click “File” and select “Load Scene”

Find the folder containing the files that you downloaded and unzipped. Open the CanineMuscleAtlas.mrml file (ignore the _CanineMuscle.mrml file)

The skeletal model should automatical y display with the right limb muscles displayed; this may take a few minutes

Reorienting the model Clicking on the axis labels wil result in standardized orthogonal views

Changing the display window To change the background color, hide the 3D cube or hide the 3D axis labels, select the pop-ups activated by clicking the eye.

Changing the structures on display Click on the stack of cameras to select muscles grouped by function (e.g. stifle extensors) or muscles grouped by innervation (e.g. by femoral nerve). There will be a delay when changing between scenes.

Muscles in this group are indicated by an “open” eye in the MRML tree.

Selective display

Selective display For example, by checking the eye next to the quadriceps femoris muscle, it wil be displayed on the skeleton.

User interface display options By clicking on the blue button, you can change the layout of the user interface window, to simultaneously display the segmented MR images.

User interface display options Or display only a single panel of images…

Label identification Cursor Muscle

More to know… • Slicer is an incredibly powerful program with diverse capabilities. In this tutorial only the most basic functions have been explained. • For more information on the capabilities of 3D Slicer, see the fol owing website: http://www.slicer.org/slicerWiki/index.php/Tra ining

Appendix

Muscles categorized by function

Hip supination • Iliopsoas• Internal obturator• Quadratus femoris• External obturator

Hip abduction • Superficial gluteal• Middle gluteal• Piriformis• Deep gluteal• Abductor cruris caudalis

Hip adduction • Gracilis• Pectineus• Adductor magnus and brevis• Adductor longus

Hip flexion • Iliopsoas• Tensor fasciae latae• Rectus femoris (quadriceps femoris)• Articularis coxae• Sartorius

Hip extension • Superficial gluteal • Middle gluteal • Deep gluteal • Piriformis • Quadratus femoris • Biceps femoris • Semitendinosus • Semimembranosus (stance phase) • Adductor longus • Adductor magnus et brevis

Stifle flexion • Biceps femoris (non-weight bearing)• Abductor cruris caudalis• Semitendinosus• Semimembranosus (non-weight bearing)• Sartorius (caudal part)• Gastrocnemius• Superficial digital flexor

Stifle extension • Tensor fasciae latae• Biceps femoris (stance phase)• Semimembranosus (stance phase)• Quadriceps femoris • Articularis genus• Sartorius (cranial part)

Resists supination of the limb • Popliteus

Tarsal flexion • Cranial tibial• Long digital extensor• Peroneus (fibularis) longus

Tarsal extension • Biceps femoris• Semitendinosus• Semimembranosus (stance)• Gracilis• Gastrocnemius• Superficial digital flexor• Deep digital flexor• Caudal tibial

Digital flexion • Superficial digital flexor• Deep digital flexor (medial and lateral heads)

Digital extension • Long digital extensor• Lateral digital extensor

Pronation of the pes • Peroneus (fibularis) longus

Supination of the pes • Cranial tibial

Muscles categorized by innervation

Femoral nerve † (L4-L6) • Quadriceps femoris • Articularis coxae • Sartorius (occas saphenous n., a br. of femoral n.) † forms within the body of the iliopsoas m.

Obturator Nerve (L4-L6) • Gracilis• Pectineus• Adductor magnus et brevis• Adductor longus• External obturator

Gluteal nerves (lumbosacral trunk) • Cranial gluteal nerve (L6-S1) – Deep gluteal– Middle gluteal– Tensor fasciae latae– Piriformis1 • Caudal gluteal nerve (L7, occas S1-S2) – Superficial gluteal– Piriformis2

Sciatic nerve (L6-S1) • Internal obturator• Gemel i• Quadratus femoris• Biceps femoris• Semitendinosus• Semimembranosus• Abductor cruris caudalis

Common & deep peroneal nerves (L6-7) br. of sciatic nerve • Peroneus(fibularis) longus (common and deep peroneal nn.) • Peroneus(fibularis) longus (deep peroneal n)• Cranial tibial (deep peroneal n.)• Long digital extensor (deep peroneal n.)

Tibial nerve (L6-S1) larger br. of sciatic nerve • Gastrocnemius• Superficial digital flexor• Deep digital flexor• Caudal tibial• Popliteus

References 1. Evans HE, deLahunta A. Guide to the Dissection of the Dog. 7th ed. St. Louis: W. B. Saunders; 2010. 2. Evans HE. Mil er’s anatomy of the dog. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.; 1993. 3. Done SH, Goody PD, Evans SA, Stickland NC. Color atlas of veterinary anatomy, volume 3. New York: Mosby; 1996. 4. Smal wood JE, George TF. Anatomic atlas for computed tomography in the mesaticephalic dog: abdomen and pelvis. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 1992;33:147-167. 5. Yushkevich PA, Piven J, Hazlett HC, Smith RG, Ho S, Gee JC, and Gerig G. User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: Significantly improved efficiency and reliability. Neuroimage 2006 Jul 1;31(3):1116-28.