Therapeutic Diets

Therapeutic Diets

---

Therapeutic Diets • Modifications of normal diet used to improve specific health conditions • Normally prescribed by doctor and planned by dietician • May change nutrients, caloric content and/or texture • May seem strange and even unpleasant to the patient

---

Therapeutic Diets • Patient’s appetite may be affected by anorexia or loss of appetite, weakness, illness, loneliness, self-pity and other factors • Use patience and tact to convince patient to eat food • Understand purpose of diet and provide simple explanations to patient

---

Therapeutic Diets • Regular diet • Fat restricted (low-fat) • Liquid diet diet • Soft diet • Sodium restricted diet • Diabetic diet • Protein diet • Calorie control ed diet • Bland diet• Low cholesterol diet • Low residue diet

---

Regular Diet • Balanced diet usually used for ambulatory patients • At times is has a slightly reduced caloric content • Foods such as rich desserts, cream sauces, salad dressings and fried foods may be decreased or omitted

---

Liquid Diets • Nutritionally inadequate and should only be used for short periods of time • Uses: – After surgery or a heart attack– Pts with acute infections or digestive problems – To replace fluids lost by vomiting or diarrhea– Before some Xrays of digestive tract

---

Liquid Diets • 2 types – Clear liquid diet • Water, apple or grape juice, fat-free broths, plain gelatin, popsicles, ginger ale, tea, coffee – Full liquid diet • Everything on clear liquid diet plus strained soups and cereals, fruit and vegetable juices, yogurt, hot cocoa, custard, ice cream, pudding, sherbet, and eggnog

---

Soft Diet • Similar to regular diet but foods must require little chewing and be easy to digest • Avoid meat and shellfish with tough connective tissue, coarse cereals, spicy foods, rich desserts, fried foods, raw fruits and veggies, nuts, and coconuts

---

Soft Diet • Uses: – After surgery– Patients with infections– Digestive disorders or chewing problems

---

Diabetic Diet • Used for pts with diabetes mellitus (body does not produce enough insulin to metabolize carbohydrates) • Diet contains exchange lists – Goods are grouped according to type, nutrients, and calories – Pts are al owed a certain number of items from each exchange list according to individual needs

---

Diabetic Diet • Avoid sugar-heavy foods such as candy, soft drinks, desserts, cookies, syrup, honey, condensed milk, sugared gum, jams, and jellies • New trend is to count only carbs as blood sugar levels are most affected by carbs • Pt then takes an amount of insulin based upon amount of carbs eaten

---

Calorie Controlled Diet Low-Calorie Diet • Used for pts who are overweight• Avoid or limit high calories foods such as: – Butter, cream, whole milk, cream soups or gravies, sweet soft drinks, alcoholic beverages, salad dressings, fatty meats, candy and rich desserts

---

Calorie Controlled Diet High-Calorie Diet • Used for pts who are underweight, or who have anorexia nervosa, hyperthyroidism, or cancer • Extra proteins and carbs are included• Avoid high-bulk foods such as green salads, watermelon and fibrous fruits • Avoid high-fat foods such as fried foods, rich pastries, and cheese cake because they digest slowly and spoil appetite

---

Low Cholesterol Diet • Restricts foods containing cholesterol• Used for pts with atherosclerosis and heart disease • Limit foods high in saturated fats such as beef, liver, pork, lamb, egg yolk, cream, cheese, natural cheeses, shellfish, whole milk, and coconut and palm oil products

---

Fat Restricted or Low-Fat Diet • Used for pts with gallbladder and liver disease, obesity, and certain heart diseases • Avoid cream, whole milk, cheese, fats, fatty meats, rich desserts, chocolate, fried foods, salad dressings, nuts, and coconut

---

Sodium Restricted Diet (Low Sodium or Low Salt Diet) • Used for pts with cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension or congestive heart disease, kidney disease, and edema • Avoid or limit addition of salt to any food, smoked meats or fish, processed foods, pickles, sauerkraut, olives, and processed cheeses

---

High Protein Diet • Used for children and adolescents who need additional growth, pregnant or lactating women, before and/or after surgery, pts suffering from burns, fevers, or infections • Regular diet with added protein rich foods such as meats, fish, milk, cheese, and eggs

---

Low Protein Diet • Used for pts with certain kidney diseases and for certain allergic conditions • Regular diet with limited or decreased protein rich foods

---

Bland Diet • Consists of easily digested foods that do not irritate the digestive tract • Used for pts with ulcers and other digestive diseases • Avoid coarse foods, fried foods, highly seasoned foods, pastries, raw fruits and veggies, alcohol, carbonated beverages, nuts, coffee, tea, smoked and salted meats and fish.

---

Low Residue Diet • Used for pts with digestive and rectal diseases such as colitis or diarrhea • Eliminates or limits foods high in bulk or fiber such as raw fruits and veggies, whole grains and cereals, nuts, seeds, beans and peas, coconut, and fried foods

---